Native species can reduce the establishment of invasive alien species if sown in high density and using competitive species

Invasion of alien species is one the main drivers land degradation threatening both natural and managed ecosystems. Ecological restoration crucial in controlling invasion to improve biotic resistance avoid further degradation. We investigated possibility establishment invasive (IAS) by native seed addition. tested if trait similarity or increased propagule pressure results suppression IAS at early stage development. set up a sowing experiment with three widespread Hungary different life forms functional groups (Asclepias syriaca, Conyza canadensis, Tragus racemosus) four Pannonic sand grassland (Festuca vaginata, Galium verum, Gypsophila paniculata, Saponaria officinalis). found no significant differences germination ability seedling emergence between IAS, despite thousand-seed weight. Using univariate general linear models, we that can be reduced adding high densities but also depending on identity. Instead similar traits, seeding competitor perennial grass grasslands (F. vaginata) all studied most. Our confirm effectively controlled addition stage, especially applying higher competitive species. conclude invasion-resistant achieved combination several factors, including high-density match